ืืกืงืืจื ืฉืืืื ืืืืกืกืช ืืืงืจืืช ืื ืืชืื ืข"ื ืืจืืื Everyschool ืืืืจืืงืื ืืืืง ืืืฉืืืชื ืืืืง ืฉืืืื
ืืจืื ืืืชืืงืฃ ืืืงืจืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืื. ืืืืงืจืื ืื ืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืืฆืืืจืื ืื ืืชื ืืืืืช ืืคืืกืื. ืืืคืืกืื ืืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืืกืชืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืฆืืืขืื ืขื ืฆืืจื ืืืืืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืืขืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืืช. ืืืืืืช ืืืชืคืชืืืช ืืจืืืช ืฉ:
ยท ืืืจืื ืืงืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืืืื
ยท ืืฉ ืืขื ืืืงืจ ืืืจืื ืขืืืืช ืืืืืช ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืืช
ยท ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืคืจืช ืืืฆืืขืื, ืฆืืื ืื ืืืืงืจืื ืืกืืืืื ืงืฉืืจื ืืฆืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ.
ยท ืืื ืืกื ืคืืืข ืืืฆืืจืชืืืช
ยท ืชืืืืืื ืงืืืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืชืจืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืงืืืื ืฆืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืจ ืื ืงืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืคืก
ยท ืืชืืื ืืื ืืช ืืกืืืขืช ืืืืืจืื ืืืืขืืงืช ืืืืืื
ยท ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืฉ ืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช
ยท ืืืืงืจืื ืืจืืื ืขื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืงืฉืืจ ืืืฉืืงื ืืื ืืืื
ยท ืืชืืืจืืช ืืืกืืื ืืื ืชืืคืขื ืืืืชืืช
ยท ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืื ืืกื ืงืฉืืจ ืืืกืคืจ ืขืฆืื ืฉื ืืขืืืช ื ืคืฉืืืช ืืคืืืืืช
ยท ืชืืืืืื ืฆืขืืจืื ืืืชืจ ืืฉืืคืื ืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืฉืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืื ืืกื ืื ืืฉืืคื ืืชืื ืื ืื ืืืชืืืื
ยท ืืกืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืืช ืขืื ืืื
ยท ืืืฉื ืืกืืืจืืคืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืขืืช ืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืกืืื ืืงืฉืืจื ืืืืฉืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ
ยท ืฉืืขืืจืื ืืืืืกืกืื ืขื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืกืืื ืขืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืชืืื
ยท ืชืืืืืื ืขื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืืื ืขืฉืืืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืืคื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื.
ืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืกืืื ืืืื ืืืืจ, ืืฉืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืื ืืืืคื ืกืืงืืืื ืืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืื ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืชืืฆืื ืืืืืืืช, ืืคืชืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืชืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืื ืืช.
ืืื ืืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืช ืื ืงืืืืช ืืืชืืืจืืช ืืขืื, ืืืื ืคืืจืื ืขื ืืคื ืืืช ืืืงืืจืืช ืืืืืืืืืจืคืืื
ืืืจืื ืืงืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืืืื
ืืืจืืช ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืจืืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืืจืื ืขืืืื ืืืฉืคืขื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืขื ืืืืื. ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื 1 ืขื 1 ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืฉืืื ื ืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืื ืืจื ื, ืืฉืืงื ืืืฉื ืืกืืืืืฆืืืช ืืืฉื ืืจืืื ืชืืฆืืืช ืคืืืช ืืืืืช (ืืชืคืชืืืช ืืืฉืืช ืฉื ืคืืืช ืืฉื ื ืืืฉื ืฉื ืช ืืืืืืื)1,2,3. ืืืฉืืืื ืืืคืืฉ ืคื ืื ืื ืคื ืื, ืืกืืื ืืจืืงื ืื ืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชืคืชื ืฉื ืืื. ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืืฉืจ, ืื ืชื ืืขืจืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืจ: "ืืจืื ืืืขืจืืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืช, ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขื ืืื ื ืืฆืืช ืืืืชืืช"5
ืืฉ ืืขื ืืืงืจ ืืืจืื ืืืืืช ืืืงืจืืืช ืื ืืฉื ืืชืืขืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืืช
ืืืฉืจ ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืขืจืื ืข"ื ืืืงืจืื ืขืฆืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืขืจืื ืข"ื ืืคืชืื ืืคืืืงืฆืืืช, ืืคืชืื ืืืคืืืงืฆืืืช ืืจืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืชืืขืืช ืืงืืืืช ืืืืืื ื โ 80% ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืื8. ืื"ื ืฉื ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืช, ืืืฃ ืืืงืจื ื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืจืกืืืช ืงืืืืจืื, ืืฆื ืฉืืืืืืฅ ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืื ืคืืคืืืจืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืื ื"ืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืชืืืืืช... ืกื ืืืจ ืขืฆืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืขื ืคืจืืืืช ืืชืืืืืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืงืจ ืชืืื"9
ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืคืจ ืืืฆืืขืื ืื ืฆืืื ื ืืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืืืื, ื ืงืฉืจ ืืฆืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ
ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืฉืืื ื ืืืืื, ืืืืืื ืืงืืจืืื ืืืงืืจืื ืืื ืืฉ ืืฉืคืขื ืฉืืืืืช ืขื ืฆืืื ื ืืืื ืื. ืืฉ ืืฆืืื ืืื ืชืืืืืื ืืงืืืื ืฆืืื ืฉืื ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืจ ืื ืืฉืชืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืืขืืจืื ืฉืืื. 3,10 ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, "ืืื ื ืืกืืืื ืจืืืืืื ืืืืฆืืื ืืฉืจ ืงืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืื ืืืืืื (eLearning) ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืชืจ"7 ืืืงืจืื ืืจืืื ืฉืขืฆื ืืืืฆืื ืฉื ืืืืฉืืจืื ืืืืืชื "ืฉืืืช ืขืจื ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืืกืืืื ืืกืื ืืจืืืช" 11 ืชืืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืฉื 1 ืขื 1 ืื ืืืืชืืืืช ืืื ืคืืืช ืืขืืืืช ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื.2 ืืฉื ืช 2000 ืขื 2012, ืืืืืืช ืืงืจืืื ืืงืจื ืชืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืชืืฉื ืืืื ืืจื ื ืืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืจืื12 ืืืืืคื ืืืื, ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืืช ืื ืืจืืชื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืืืฉืื ืืงืจืืื, ืืชืืืืงื ืืืืข.
ืืื ืืกื ืื ืขื ืืฉืืื ืืฆืืจืชืืืช
ืืฆืืจืชืืืช ืืืืืจืช ื"ืืคืงื ืฉื ืืฉืื ืืงืืจื ืืฉืืืืฉื," ืืืืจืฉืช "ืืฉืืื ืืคืืฆืืช (ืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืจืื ืจืขืืื ืืช ืืืืืืืื) ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืื ืกืช (ืืื ืืืืจ ืืช ืืจืขืืื ืืช ืืคืืชืจืื ืืืืืื)"14. ืืืืจื ืืืฆืืจืชืืืช ืฉืื ื ื ืืฆืืช ืื ืกืืื, ืืืืืืื ืืฆืขืืจืื ืืืืชืจ (ืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืชื ื') ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืกืืื ืืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืืืชืจ. 14 ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืขืืช ืืืกืืื ืืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืคืืืงืฆืืืช, ืชืืืืืื ืืืคืืื ืืฉืื ื ืื ืืืืคืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืืข ืืช ืืคืจืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืกืงืจื ืืช ืืืืฉืืช ืฉืืื.15 ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืฉืขืช ืืกื ืืืช ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืจืืื ืจืืืช ืกืงืจื ืืช ื ืืืืืช ืืืชืจ.16 ืื ืืคืืืงืฆืืืช ืฉืืฉืืืงืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืขืืืช ืกืงืจื ืืช ืื ืืืืช ืขืืฉืืช ืืช ืืขืืืื. 15 ืืื ืืืคื ืืฆืืจืชืืืช โ ืืชืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืชืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืืช ืืคื ืฉืืืืชื ืข"ื 1,500 ืื ื"ืืื17 โ ืขืืื ื ืืืคืฉืจ ืฉืขืืื, ืืขืืื ืืฉืืงื ืชืคืงืืืื, ืืืืืช ืกืืืื ืืื ืืชืฉืืืืช ืื ืฉืืจืชืืืช, ืืืคืฉืจ ืืจืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืชืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืชืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืจืขืืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืคืืืช ืืื ืืกื ืขื ืื ืช ืืืคืฉืจ ืืคืขืืืืืืช ืืฆืืจืชืืืช ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืื.14,18 ืืืืคื ืืืืืืื, ืืืจืื ืืชืืงืืื ืืชืืืืืื ืคื ืืืืื (ืื ืืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืื), ืืืืืช ืกืืคืืงืื, ืืฉืืืืช ืคืชืืืืช ืืืงืืืช ืกืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืงืืืืืืช. 18
ืชืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืืงืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืงืืืื ืฆืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืจ ืื ืงืืจืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืคืกืื
ืืื ืช ืื ืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืคื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืฉืจ ืชืืืืืื ืงืืจืืื ืืคืืก ืืื ืืงืืจื ืืืืืืื. 19 ืืงืจืืื ืืืืืคืกืช ืืขืืืงื ืืืชืจ, ืืจืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืขืื ืืื ืฉืงืืจืืื ืืงืืจืืื ืืืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืกืจืืงื ืฉื ืืืืืจ, ืืืคืืฉ ืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืคืชื ืืืืืฉื ืืืื ืืจื ื.20 ืืืฉืืืื ืื ืืืจ, ืืกืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆืจ ืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืฉืืฉ ืฉืื ืฉืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืืจ ืขื ืืืืจืื ืืชืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืกืคืงืช. 21 ืชืืืืืื ืฉืงืืจืืื ืืืกื ืืกืชืืืื ืืืชืจ ืขื "ืืืืืจ" ืืืฉืจ "ืืืขืช", ืืขืื ืชืืืืืื ืฉืงืืจืืื ืืืืคืก ืืจืื "ืืืืขืื" ืืช ืืชืฉืืื (ืืฆืืืข ืขื ืจืื ืขืืืงื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืืื).21 ืืืจืืช ืฉืืจืขืืื ืฉื ืงืืฉืืจืื (hyperlinks) ืืงืืจืืื ืืืงืืจืื ืืื ื ืจืื ืืืฉื, ืืืฆืืืืช ืื ืืกืื ืืช ืืืขืช, ืืคืืืช ืงืฉื ืืืงืื ืงืจืืื ืืงืืืขืช ืืืชืจ.20 ืชืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืงืืจืืื ืืืืกื ืืฉ ืืื ืกืืืื ื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืฆื ืืืคืื ืืงืืจืืื ืืขื ืืืืืฆืข, ืืืฉ ืืื ืกืืืื ื ืืื ืคื 3 ืืืื ืืช ืืงืจืืื.22
ืืชืืื ืืกืืืข ืืืืืจืื ืืืืืืื ืืขืืืงื
ืืงืืืืื ืขื ืืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืืฆืืขืื ื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืฉืจ ื ืืจืฉื ืืืืืืจ ืืชืืื ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืช ืืจืขืืื. 23 ืืชืืื ืืคืขืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืงืืื. ืืชืืื ืืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืืืืืืช ืฉืื ื ืืขืื ืืืืข. 24, 25 ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืฉืืจ ืืืืื ืจืง ืืืงืืื, ืชืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืืข ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืื ืืืชืจ. 23 ืืชืืื ืืืคืฉืจืช ืขืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืคื ืืขืืืง ืืืชืจ ืืคืขืืืช ืืืชืืื "ืืขืจืืช ืืช ืืืืง ืืืืฉื ืืืื."26
ืืฉ ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืื
ืืืจืืช ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืกื ืืฆืจืืื ืืื ืืืืื " ืื ื ืืฉื" ืืื ืืื ืืกื ืืฆืจืื ืคื ืื, ืืื ืืกื ืืคื ื ืขืฆืื โ ืขืฆื ืืคืขืืื ืฉื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืกื โ ืืฉ ืื ืืฉืคืขื ืืืืงื. ืืกืคืจ ืืืงืจืื ืืจืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืคืื ืงืฆืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืชืืฆืื ืืืื ืืกื. ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืงืื ืืืื, ืืจืืื ืืขืืื ืงืืืคืช ืืืื ืืคืืืขื ืืืื ื ืืงืืืืช.27 ืฉืื ืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืื ืืืื ืืชืจืืฉืื ืืืืจื ืื ืชืืืื ืืืชืืืจืืช, ืืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืชืืืจืืช.28 ืืืืื ืชืงืืคืช ืืืชืคืชืืืช ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืืช ืฉืื ืื ื ืื ืขืืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืืง ืืืื ืฉืื ืื ื ืื ืืฉืชืืฉืื ืืื. 28 ืืืืจืื ืื ื ืืขืืชืื ืงืจืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืกื ืืคืขืืืืช ืืืคื ืืช, ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืชื ืืืืื ืืื ืืกื, ืืื ืงืฉืจ ืืคืขืืืืช ืืืคื ืืช, ืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืจืืืืช ืืคืืืืช ืืื ืคืฉืืช. 29. ืืืืืฆื ืฉื ืื ืืืชืจ ืืฉืขืชืืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ื ืชืืืช ืืืงืจืืช.29
ืืืืคืืงืฆืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืงืคืื ืืืงืจืืช
ืืืืงืจ ืื ืืืข ืืืฉืืงืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืฉืจ ืืจืื ืืืื ืืฉืืงืื ืืืืืกืกืื ืขื ืฆืืืจืช ื ืงืืืืช, ืืจืื ืชืืฆืืืช ืืขืืจืืืช.30 ืืืง ืืืืืงืจืื ืืจืืื ืืฉืคืขื ืืืืืืช,31 ืืขืื ืืืจืื ืืจืืื ืฉืืขืจื ืืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืงืฆืจ ืืืื.32,33. ืืืงืจืื ืืืจืื ืืจืืื ืฉืืืฉืืืื ืืงืืืฆืช ืืืงืืจืช, ืชืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขืืฉืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืฉืืงื ืืืืื ืืจืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืืฆืื, ืฉืืืขืืช ืจืฆืื, ืืขืฆืื ืืฆืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืื. 34. ืืื ืืงืจื, ืกื ืื ืืืชืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืืงืื ืืื ื ืื ืืฉืืขืืื. 30,35. ืื ืืกืฃ ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืืง ืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ื, ืืืืืขืืจ ืืืงืจ, ืื ืชืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืงืื ืืืืื ืข. 30 ื ืืชื ืืืืจ ืฉืืฉืืงืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืชืืืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืงืฆืื ืคื ืื ืื ืคื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ื ืฉืื ืื ืืืฉืืงื ืืคื ืื ืฉืื ืืฉืืงืื ืืื, ืืฉืจ ืคืืชืื ืืื ืืคืชืืช ืืืชื ื ืืืืฆืขืืช "ืืื ืืงืืช ืืืืคื" ื"ืืืืืืช ืืคืืืชืืืช,"36 ืืืืืืืื ืืืชืืืจืืช ืืืืจืื ืืชืจ.
ืืชืืืจืืช ืืืกืืื ืืื ืืืืชืืช
ืืกืืื ืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืืืฉืืื, ืืืงืฉืื ืขื ืืฆืืจืช ืชืืืืืื ืืจืืืื ืืืชืจ. 37 ืืฆืืจืช ืืขืืจืืืช ืืจืื ืืฆืืืืช ืืกืืื ืืขืืงืจืืช ืืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชื. ืืืื, ืืจืขืืื ืืื ืงืืื ืืืงืืจืืช, ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืจืืื ืืฉ ืฆืืจื ืืกืืืื ืืืืืฆืจืช ืื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืช ืืืืชื ืืคืฉืจื ืืขืืื ืืื.38 ืืชื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืืืจืืช ืขื ืขืฆืื (ืืืืฆืื ืืช ืืืืฉืืจ ืืืื ืฉืขืืื, ืืืืืช ืขื ืืืืฉืืจ ืืืงืื ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืจ) ืขืืืืื ืืืคืื ืืืจืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืฉื ืขื ืืชืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืกื ืืื ืฉืืชืืืจื.39
ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืื ืืกื ืืืืื ืืืขืืืช ืคืืืืืช ืื ืคืฉืืืช
ืืืฉืคืขื ืฉื ืืื ืืกื ืขื ืืจืืืื ืื ืคืฉืืช ืืืืกืกืช. ืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืชืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืกื, ืื ื ืคืืขืช ืืจืืืื ืื ืคืฉืืช ืฉืืื.16 ืืชืืืจืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืคืขืืืืืืช ืืืืฅ ืืืกื (ืกืคืืจื, ืืืจืื, ืงืจืืื) ืืืืืืื ืขื ืคืืืช ืกืืืคืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื. 40 "ืื ืืคืขืืืืืืช ืืืืืจื ืืืกื ืืงืืฉืจืืช ืืืจืืื ืืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืคืขืืืืืืช ืืืืฅ ืืืกื ืืงืฉืืจืืช ืืขืืืื ืืืืฉืจ".41
ืื ืืืข ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืจืฉืืื ืฉื ืืขืืืช ื ืคืฉืืืช ืืื ืืจืืื (ืืื ืจืง ืืงืจื ืืฉืชืืฉื ืืชืจ). ืืจืื ืืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืืืืงืืช ืืืคืืขืืช ืื ืืืืจ ืฉืขื ืื ืฉืขืชืืื ืฉื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื16,41,29. ืื ืืืืืืช:
ืืคืจืขืืช ืืฉืื ื42
ืืืืืื41,16
ืืจืื16
ืืขืืืช ืืืจืชืืืช15
ืงืืฉื ืืืฆืืจืช ืงืฉืจืื ืืืจืชืืื16
ืืจืืื ืืกืงืจื ืืช16
ืงืืฉื ืืฉืืืจ ืขื ืจืืืข16
ืขืืืื ืืืืืื ืืช16
ืืจืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืืืืช16
ืืจืืื ืืืืคืชืื43
ืืจืืื ืืืืื ืืงืฉื16
ืงืืฉื ืืืืกืช ืจืืฉืืช16
ืืฉืื ื15,44
ืคืืืขื ืืืืืืจืืงื ืืขืืื ื44
ืืืง ืืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืืื ืื ืืชืืฆืื ืืืืกืืื ืขืฆืื, ืืืื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ืชืืฆืื ืฉื ืืชืืืืฃ ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืกื ืืืืื ืืื ืืจืืงืฆืื ืขื ืืืืืจืื ืืืจืืื ืืงืฉืจืื ืคื ืื ืื ืคื ืื ืขื ืืืจืื.15,41
ืืืืื ืจืืืฉืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืฉืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืกืืื
ืืืืื ืืชื ืกืืชืืช, ืื ืชืืืืืื ืคืขืืืื ืืืฆืืจื ืืืฉืืง, ืืืจืืืช ืืืชืคืชืืืช ืืจืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืื.15 ืืืจืืช ืืขืืื ืืคื ืืืืื "ืืฉืืจื ืืืืืจ" ืื ืื ืืืฉืคื ืืืืฉืืจืื ืืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืฆืขืืจ, ืืื ืืืงืจ ืฉืชืืื ืืื.15 ืืฆื ืฉื ื, ืืฉืืง ืงืฉืืจ ืืืืืื ืืืืช ืคืืชืจืื ืืขืืืช ืืืฆืืจืชืืืช.15 ืืืงืจืื ืืจืืื ืฉืกืจืืื ืืงืฆื ืืืืจ, ืืืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืงืื ืื, ืงืฉืืจื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืฆืืขืืืช ืืืืืืช ืกืืคืืงืื.45 ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืืืฉืืจืื ืืืืชื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืื ืคืขืืืืช ืฉืืืืขื ืืชืืจืืช ืืืจืืืืช ืืืชืคืชืืืช ืฉื ืืืืื.47
ืืกืืืื, "ืืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืจืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืชืคืชื ืชืืื ืืงืฉืจืื ืงืจืืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืขื ืืืืืจืื ืืืจืืื ืืืชื ืกืืืืช ืืขืฉืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืืืชื."47
ืืกืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืขืืืช ืจืืืื
ืืกืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืฅ ืฉื ืืขืื ืืื, ืืืื ืจืืฉ ืืจืืืื ืืืืฉืืฉืช. ืื ืืืื ืืืชืืฉ ืืช ืืืฉืืืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืืืคืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืืคืื ืืช ืืฉืืืคื ืืืืืืจืื ืืืืจืืืช ืืืชืจ.21 ืืืฉืคืขื ืฉื ืื ืขืืืื ืืจืืงื ืืช ืืืฉืืืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืืืคืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืืงืฉืืช ืขื ืฉืืืคืช ืืืืข ืืืืืืจืื.21 ืืกืคืจ ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืงืืฆืจ ืจืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืคื, ืขื ืขืืืื ืชืืืื ืืื ื โ 2007 ืฉื ืช ืืฆืืช ืืกืืืจืืคืื.48 ืืืฉืืขืืช ืฉื ืงืืฆืจ ืจืืืื ืืื ืื ืจืง ืืฉืงืคืืื โ ืื ืื ืืขืื ืืช ืืกืืืื ืืืขืืืช ืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืืขืช, ืืืืืงืืื ืืงืืจืงื.48 ืืืฉืจ ืขืืฉืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืืืื ืืืืชืืช ืืฆืืจืืฃ ืชืืืจืช ืคืืืจืกื ืืื ืืืฉืคืขื ืืืื ืคื 10. 48. ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืฉื 7 ืฉืขืืช ืืืขืื ืืฉืืืข ืืฉืืฉ ืืช ืืกืืืื ืืงืืฆืจ ืจืืืื.49 ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืฉื ืืืืืืื ืืขืื ืืช ืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืฉืืืืืืช, ืืืื ืืืืฉืชื ืื ืืืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ โ ืืฉืืคื ืืืืจ ืืื โ ืื ืืงืื ืขืืืคืืช ืืืืื ืืืื. ืคืขืืืืช ืืืืฅ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืืื ืชืืจืืช ืืืจืืื ืืืจืืฉืช ืืกืืืื ืืงืืฆืจ ืจืืืื.50
ืืืฉื ืืกืืืจืืคืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืขืืช ืืืืืืืื ืืกืืื ืืช ืืืขืช ืืืฉ ืื ืงืฉืจ ืืืจืืืช ืฆืืื ืื
ืืจืฉืืช ืกืืืจืืคืื ืื ืืืืชืืช ืขืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืืช ืงืฉื ืืงืืืืช ืืืืจ. ืชืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ื ืื ืกืื ืืืืชื ืขื ืกืืืจืืคืื ืื ืืืืฆืืขืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืชืืืืืื ืืื ืกืืืืจืคืื ืืืืชื.51 ืืืืงืช ืงืฉื, ืืคืืื ืืืกืืืช ืงืืืช, ืืฉืคืืขื ืขื ืืืืจืช ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืจืืืง.51 ืืืฉื ืืกืืืจืืคืื ืื ืืขืื ืืช ืืกืืืจืืช ืืฆืืจื ืืืืืงืช ืงืฉื, ืืืืืงืจ ืืจืื ืืืืจืืจ ืืช ืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืฉืืืืืืช ืฉืืฉ ืืจืืืื ืืฉืืืืช (ืืืืืืืกืงืื ื) ืขื ืืืฆืืขืื.52,53 ืืืกืืจ ืขื ืกืืืืจืคืื ืื ืืืชื ืืกืคืจ ืืขืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืช ืืืฉืื ืืชืืืืืื, ืืคืืื ืืืชืจ ืืงืจื ืชืืืืืื ืืืฉืื, ืืื ืื ืืกืืืข ืืฆืืจื ืคืืฉืื ืืืคืืืช ืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืื.54
ืฉืืขืืจื ืืืช ืืืืืกืกืื ืขื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืกืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืืชืืช
ืืืืช ืื ืชืื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืฉืชืืืืช ืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืฉืืืืืืช ืฉืืฉ ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืคืขืืืืช ืคื ืื ืืืืืจื ืืกื ืืื ืขืฆืืื. ืืืจืืช ืืืช, ืืืืจืื ืงืฉื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืกื ืืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืืื ื ืืชื ืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืืช ืืืืจืฉืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืื.9 ืืืืช ืืืกืืืช ืืืืฉืืจืื ืืื ืืืืืื.55 ืจืื ืืชืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืขื ืจืืช ืืืกืืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืช ืืฉืงืืขืื ืืฉืืขืืจื ืืืืช. ืจืง 3% ืืืืื ืฉืื ืื ื ื ืืขืจ ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืฉืืจ ืืืงืืฉ ืืื ืืืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืชืืื, ืืจืื ืืืื ืืื ืฆืจืืื ืคืกืืืืช ืฉื ืชืื ืื.55 ืืกืจืช ืื ืฉื ืจืื ืืื ืืืกืื ืืืจืืื โ ืืืฉืืจืื ืืืืืืืืื โ ืืืคืฉืจ ืืชืืืืืื ืืืชืจืื ืืืืคื ืืื (ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืงืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืฆืืื ืขืชืืืืช) ืืืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืขืืืงื ืืืชืจ ืจืขืืื ืืช ืืืฉืื.56 ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืืข ืืืืจืื ืืืคืืืช ืืื ืืกื ืืื ืฉืืชื ื ืฉืืขืืจืื ืืืืจืฉืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืกืืื ืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืจืืจื ืืืจืช.
ืชืืืืืื ืขื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืืื ืขืฉืืืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืืคื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื
ืืื ืฉืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืื ืขื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืืื ืืืืืง ืืืืชื ืืืคื ืืืืชื ืฆืืจืช ืืชืขืจืืืช. ืืืืจืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฆื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืืฆืืช ืืืฆืืจืืช ืืืืืืช ืขื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืขื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืฉ ืืงืจืื ืจืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืกืืืข ืืื. ืืฉ ืื ืกืืื ืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืคืฉ ืคืชืจืื ืืช ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืฉ ืืฆืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืคืืชืืช ืขืืืืืช ืขืืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฆืืจื ืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืฉื ืืืืื .57,58. ืืืงืจืื ืืจืืื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืขืฉืืช ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืืขืช ืืื ืืืคืื ืืืชื ืืชืืืืฃ ืืฉืืขืืจืื ืขื ืืืจื.59 ืืกื ืืื, "ืื ืฉืื ืจืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืืข ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืชืืืื ืขื ืืืืืืช ืืืฆืืื, ืืขืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืืขืช ืืืคืืช ืืืชื ืืชืืืืื ืืชืืืืืื ืขื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืฆืืืื ืืืฆืข ืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืขืฆืื."57,60 ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืืื ืขืืืจ ืชืืืืืื ืขื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืืื ืขืฉืืื ืืขืืชืื ืงืจืืืืช ืืขืฉืืช ืฉืื ืื, ืื ืื ืชืืื.61 ืืชื ืืกืคืจ ืืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืชืืืื ืขื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืงืื ืืขืจืื ืืืฉืืช ืืืชืืฉื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืฉืืช ืฉืื.
ื ืกืงืจ ืื ืืชื ืข"ื ืืืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืืืช' ืืืื ืกืื Written and compiled by Amy Tyson and Blythe Winslow
ืชืืจืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืขืืจืืช ืข"ื ืจื ืืจืืื
ืืืืืืืืจืคืื
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